In Wójtowicz/Normand's framing, data is information at rest: it carries meaning without needing a computer to interpret it, and lets humans derive new facts by joining existing facts (e.g. inferring Descartes' age from a publication year and a birth year). Data has multiple interpretations across time — a 5000-year-old Sumerian IOU clay tablet is now read for insights about agriculture and society, not to collect the debt. When writing data to a system (e.g. JSON events), store it so it can answer today's questions and tomorrow's unknown ones, even if you switch language or runtime. Recognition rule (Potter Stewart): 'I know it when I see it.' Data + data composes into data.