Architectural direction Callaghan is pursuing: instrument the codebase once with domain events (a basic value object) published through an event.publish method onto ActiveSupport::Notifications. Dedicated listeners then dispatch the events to logs, traces, metrics, analytics platforms (Datadog, Dynatrace, Segment, PostHog, etc.) as appropriate. Decouples instrumentation from destination so that the same event can feed observability and analytics. Callaghan credits Charity Majors' 'events all the way down' framing; notes the only nuance is that traces additionally need hierarchical context threaded through events.