Two distinct technologies sharing the 'Turbo Streams' name. HTTP Turbo Streams are returned from controller responses and drive targeted DOM updates on the requester — effectively a modernized js.erb, and usable outside Rails. WebSocket Turbo Streams are Rails-specific broadcasts over Action Cable that push updates to any client subscribed to a channel. The HTTP part ports to other frameworks; the WebSocket part does not work out of the box outside Rails.