Architectural style Chikahiro Tokoro predicts will define the next decade. A monolith that keeps the single-deploy simplicity of a monolith while gaining microservice-style internal modularity: clear boundaries, high cohesion, low coupling between modules. Often 'emerges naturally' from good modeling rather than being designed up front. Sam Newman describes it as underestimated; the ThoughtWorks macro-trends report notes 'modular monolith rises again'. Shopify's Packwerk is a popular enforcement tool in the Rails ecosystem. High cohesion is necessary but not sufficient — you cannot reach it while a God object remains.